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Objects of Investigation: Basic Set of Reactions
To make a background of discussions of reactivity, the following set of reagents was chosen: radicals CH3•, CH3O•, CCl3•, CF3•, and HOO• and vinyl monomers CH2CHX: ethene (Eth, CH2CH2), propene (Prop, CH2CH-CH3), styrene (St, CH2CH-C6H5), vinylacetate (VA, CH2CH-OCOCH3), methylacrylate (MA, CH2CH-COOCH3), acrylic nitryl (AN, CH2CH-CN), vinylchloride (VCl, CH2CHCl), and vinylidenchloride (VCl2, CH2CCl2). For these monomers, both positions of attack were considered. In addition, reactivity of monomers with conjugated bonds toward CH3• and HOO• were considered1). The total number of calculated Transition States was somewhere around 100.
All TSs had the same topology as shown above. Among the possible conformations of products, those ones were chosen in which the new substituent (formerly the radical) was perpendicular to the original plane of the monomer. Table I presents the main geometric characteristics of TSs of β-attack (attack on the unsubstituted position of the C=C bond). One may judge from the table that TS geometries within a series remain practically constant. Comparison of rprod/r≠ values shows that the CH3• addition reaction has the earliest TS and the HOO• addition the latest, in due agreement with experimental facts.
Таблица I. Geometries of TSs of β-addition of radicals to the main set of monomers.
| Parameter | HOO• | CH3• | CH3O• | CCl3• | CF3• |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r≠ (Å) | 1.945 ± 0.01 | 2.24 ± 0.02 | 2.05 ± 0.02 | 2.21 ± 0.01 | 2.22 ± 0.01 |
| φ (°) | 101 | 105 | 100 | 107 | 106 |
| θ (°) | 15 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 11 |
| RCC (Å) | 1.405 ± 0.01 | 1.385 ± 0.01 | 1.395 ± 0.01 | 1.395 ± 0.01 | 1.395 ± 0.01 |
| rprod/r≠ | 0.735 ±.005 | 0.685 ±.005 | 0.689 ±.001 | 0.702 ±.005 | 0.721 ±.003 |
| r≠, distance between reactive centers in TS; rprod – in product); φ, angle of attack; θ, torsion of CH bonds relative to the horizontal plain. | |||||